Nématode à kyste du soya au Canada et les applications de la génomique

Soybean cyst nematode is a major threats to soybean productivity with considerable economic impact. Having co-evolved alongside its host, it has developed highly efficient mechanisms to evade both natural plant immunity and deployed resistance genes. Fortunately, recent advances in omics have greatly contributed to our understanding of these mechanisms. The publication of reference genomes has revealed a lot about the acquisition of pathogenicity genes, species evolution, and gene organization. Combined with functional analyzes and gland sequencing, the repertoire of parasitism genes (effectors) has greatly expanded and new control methods, such as RNA interference, are currently being tested. Plant-nematode interactome predictions have also revealed new susceptibility genes that are being investigated using gene editing. New tools such as single-nematode sequencing and long-read technologies have started to reveal the complexity of mechanisms used to overcome plant resistance and the plasticity of genomes. Alternative splicing, copy number variations, and other epigenetic mechanisms were observed among populations and may be linked to virulence. The discovery of new regulatory elements, such as conserved promoter motifs and miRNAs, are also promising with potential implications for nematode control. Together, these advances open the door to a new generation of molecular diagnostic tools and the deployment of new types of resistance. Precise management through the prescription of custom solutions will increase yields and reduce the selection and dispersal of virulence alleles.