Evaluation of total lean and saleable meat yield prediction equations and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for a rapid, non-invasive yield prediction in beef

This study evaluated beef yield equations currently used in North America and potential use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology to predict either total or saleable yield of beef carcasses. Left carcass sides (n=316) over a wide range of weight and backfat thicknesses were fabricated into primal and retail cuts. Primal cuts were based on Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications for Fresh Beef Products, Series 100. Cuts (primal and retail) were scanned with a DXA unit. Cuts were dissected into fat, lean and bone then weighed. Regressing total lean meat yield predicted using the Canadian grade ruler versus dissected total lean meat yield resulted in an R2 of 0.56. Regressing USDA calculated meat yield estimation (saleable yield) versus actual saleable yield of the boneless, closely trimmed round, loin, rib and chuck retail cuts resulted in an R2 of 0.34. Regressing total lean meat yield versus saleable meat yield had a moderate R2 (0.63). DXA accurately predicted total lean and fat content in carcasses (R2 = 0.98) using partial least squares regression. Predictions of saleable yield for each major primal, using DXA technology were slightly lower (R2 ranged from 0.70 to 0.87) than those for total carcass fat and lean estimations. This database provides knowledge regarding prediction accuracy and relationships between total lean meat yield and saleable meat yield necessary to support North American grade harmonization. Results from the present study suggest DXA technology may potentially be used for estimation of total or saleable yield performance.