Development of 2-phenylethanol plus acetic acid lures to monitor obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under mating disruption
Citation
Knight, A.L., El-Sayed, A.M., Judd, G.J.R., Basoalto, E. (2017). Development of 2-phenylethanol plus acetic acid lures to monitor obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under mating disruption. Journal of Applied Entomology, [online] 141(9), 729-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12393
Plain language summary
The oblique-banded leafroller (OBLR) can be a serious leaf and fruit-feeding pests of organic apples in British Columbia. Organic growers need methods and tools for controlling this pest without the use of synthetic insecticides. We evaluated the effectiveness of phenylethanol (PET) in combination with acetic acid (AA) as a binary lure for trapping male and female oblique-banded leafroller. Studies were conducted in apple orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Open polypropylene vials, closed membrane cups, and rubber septa loaded with AA and/or PET in varying amounts were first evaluated in a series of trapping experiments. Membrane cups loaded with 800 mg of PET were as effective as 100mg septa, but longer lasting, and were comparable to the open vials. A membrane cup AA lure was effective in tests, but further work is needed to increase its release rate and extend its activity. PET+AA was a more attractive binary lure than AA plus phenylacetonitrile (PAN) for OBLR. The addition of PET or PAN to traps already baited with the sex pheromone of OBLR significantly reduced male catches. Traps baited with PET+AA placed in blocks not treated with MD caught significantly fewer OBLR than traps baited with sex pheromone. In comparison, sex pheromone-baited traps in MD blocks caught < 1 male moth per season which was significantly lower than total moth (> 10) or female moth (> 3) catch in these blocks with PET+AA. A high proportion (> 70%) of trapped females was mated in both untreated and MD-treated orchards. Further refinement of this binary, bisexual lure using membrane cup technology may allow the establishment of action thresholds and improve opportunities fro mass trapping and managing OBLR.
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of 2-phenylethanol (PET) in combination with acetic acid (AA) as a binary lure for monitoring male and female obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Open polypropylene vials, closed membrane cups, and rubber septa loaded with AA and/or PET in varying amounts were first evaluated in a series of trapping experiments. Membrane cups loaded with 800 mg of PET were as effective as 10-mg septa, but longer lasting, and were comparable to the open vials. A membrane cup AA lure was effective in tests, but further work is needed to increase its release rate and extend its activity. Catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and C. rosaceana were unaffected by combining PET with (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth, pear ester, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl-decadienoate and AA lures. Adding (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene to this blend to enhance codling moth catch significantly reduced catches of C. rosaceana. PET + AA was a more attractive binary lure than AA plus phenylacetonitrile (PAN) for C. rosaceana. The addition of PET or PAN to traps already baited with the sex pheromone of C. rosaceana significantly reduced male catches. Traps baited with PET + AA placed in blocks not treated with MD caught significantly fewer C. rosaceana than traps baited with sex pheromone. In comparison, sex pheromone-baited traps in MD blocks caught ≤1 male moth per season which was significantly lower than total moth (>10) or female moth (≥3) catch in these blocks with PET + AA. A high proportion (>70%) of trapped females were mated in both untreated and MD-treated orchards. Further refinement of this binary, bisexual lure using membrane cup technology may allow the establishment of action thresholds and improve management timings for C. rosaceana.